Commercially pure titanium
Also known as: CP titanium, CP Ti, unalloyed titanium
Unalloyed titanium used for surgical implants, supplied in four grades of increasing strength. It is the material most dental implants have been made from since the 1970s.
Key facts
| Standard | ASTM F67 (UNS R50250, R50400, R50550, R50700); equivalent to ISO 5832-2Verified spec[1] |
|---|---|
| Composition | Titanium with controlled limits on carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and iron; no intentional alloying elementsVerified spec[1] |
| grades | Four grades, 1 to 4, of increasing strengthVerified spec[1] |
| Biocompatibility | Insufficient evidence(Biocompatibility is well established clinically, but we have not yet attached a specific source that quantifies it) |
Overview
Commercially pure titanium is not one material but a family of four graded purities. All four are unalloyed — the difference between them is the permitted level of residual elements, chiefly oxygen and iron, which raises strength as it rises. Grade 4 is the strongest and is the grade most commonly used for dental implant fixtures, while lower grades appear more often in components where strength matters less than formability. Because the grades differ in mechanical properties but not in alloying, a manufacturer stating only 'titanium' has not told you very much.
Sources
Numbers match the citations beside each claim above.
Primary sources
- [1]ASTM F67 — Standard Specification for Unalloyed Titanium for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R50250, R50400, R50550, R50700) — ASTM International. Accessed 2026-07-21.